• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Reaction arm for a wind turbine drive in which a gearbox is mounted on the rotor shaft, the non-rotating part of which can transmit a torque via the reaction arm to two support points on the wind turbine housing, the reaction arm comprising two levers that are hinged about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation. of the gear box are arranged between a aforementioned support point and a point of engagement on the gear box and these levers are connected to each other by means of a mechanism such that rotation of the gear box is prevented, while a translation of the gear case relative to the housing can take place unhindered.
    公开号:BE1018046A3
    申请号:E2008/0155
    申请日:2008-03-13
    公开日:2010-04-06
    发明作者:
    申请人:Hansen Transmissions Int；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Reaction arm for a wind turbine drive.
    The present invention relates to a reaction arm for a wind turbine drive.
    More specifically, the present invention relates to a reaction arm for a wind turbine drive consisting of a rotor shaft which is mounted on the wind turbine housing by means of at least two bearings, a gear box having a planetary gear system of which it is not mounted on the rotor shaft. the rotating part via the above-mentioned reaction arm can transfer torque to two support points on the wind turbine housing, which are usually located on either side of the rotor shaft.
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    Such reaction arms already exist for wind turbine drives of the aforementioned type in which the gearbox is suspended from the rotor shaft.
    Such a reaction arm serves mainly to be able to transfer the torque difference between the input and output shafts of the gearbox to the wind turbine housing, so that rotation of the gearbox with the rotor shaft is prevented, while the rotor torque can be controlled via the output shaft of the planetary gear system. transferred to a generator for generating electrical energy.
    A problem that occurs with such reaction arms is that the rotor shaft deforms or undergoes a certain movement under the influence of the wind forces on the rotor blades, which is experienced at the points of support where the reaction arm engages the housing.
    Moreover, when manufacturing several wind turbines, differences occur as a result of the permitted finishing tolerances.
    These differences must be compensated for during assembly.
    Therefore, elastic elements are generally used to support the reaction arm at the points of support.
    On the one hand, these elastic elements must be sufficiently elastic to absorb the dynamic deformations and movements of the rotor shaft as a result of the wind load, as well as dimensional changes between different wind turbines of the same series.
    On the other hand, the elastic elements must be sufficiently rigid to be able to overcome the relatively large reaction forces that are usually associated with wind turbines of large capacity of, for example, 3 MW or more.
    However, due to this rigidity, parasitic forces are introduced on the gearbox by the aforementioned phenomena, so that a certain alignment error can occur between the rotating and non-rotating parts of the gearbox and / or excessive forces can occur between these parts.
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    Another disadvantage of the known reaction arms is that they are enormously large and heavy, because they are manufactured in one piece, which makes their transport and assembly very difficult.
    The present invention has for its object to offer a solution to one or more of the aforementioned and other disadvantages.
    Ideally, a reaction arm is obtained that can transmit the necessary torque from the non-rotating part of the gearbox to the wind turbine housing so that the gearbox does not rotate along with the rotor shaft, while the same reaction arm leaves sufficient freedom of movement for the gearbox to allow the movements imposed of the rotor shaft can follow under the influence of dynamic loads or can easily assume a certain position during assembly, so that the rotating parts of the gearbox remain perfectly aligned with the non-rotating parts or minimal forces occur between these parts.
    To this end, the present invention relates to a reaction arm for a wind turbine drive of the aforementioned type, wherein the reaction arm comprises two levers which are each hingedly arranged around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the gearbox between a said support point on the wind turbine housing and a point of engagement on the non-rotating part of the gearbox and furthermore these two levers are connected to each other by means of a mechanism, so that a rotation of the gearbox relative to the wind turbine housing is prevented from transmitting a torque, while a translation of the gearbox relative to the housing along the axis of rotation of the gearbox and / or according to a direction in a plane perpendicular to this axis of rotation can take place virtually unhindered.
    An advantage of such a reaction arm for a wind turbine drive according to the invention is that the reaction arm, on the one hand, allows the non-rotating part of the planetary gear system (or thus the housing of the gearbox) to have a certain translation in the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis or possibly even undergoes axial movement with respect to the wind turbine housing without being appreciably impeded by a rigidity originating from the transmission of the torque from the gearbox housing to the wind turbine housing, while the reaction arm, on the other hand, can transmit the required torque from the housing of the gearbox to the housing of the wind turbine, while the structure for such transmission of the torque has a maximum rigidity.
    The reason for this is that an appropriate connection of the support points on the housing and the engagement points on the non-rotating part with the aid of hinged levers connected by a mechanism ensures that the housing of the gearbox can undergo the aforementioned translation movements noticeably prevented, while rotation of the gearbox relative to the wind turbine housing by the same mechanical connection between the housing and the gearbox is made virtually impossible, so that a torque from the reaction arm to the support points on the wind turbine housing can be transferred.
    This allows the gearbox to easily follow the imposed movements during the rotation of the rotor shaft or during assembly, so that misalignments and great force action between the moving parts of the gearbox are avoided.
    Another advantage of a reaction arm according to the invention is that it is composed of several parts, which facilitates transport, as well as its assembly.
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    According to a preferred embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, a central hinge is provided in the central part of the levers for rotation of the lever around the point of engagement or around the support point of the lever in question.
    Furthermore, a point of engagement on the non-rotating part of the gearbox and a support point on the housing are connected to each other in that the corresponding lever is provided with at least one connecting rod which is pivotally connected at one end to the relevant lever and at its other end! is hinged to the support point or to the engagement point.
    Thus it is achieved in a very simple manner that two points of engagement on the non-rotating part of the gearbox are each supported by a lever system with respect to the housing, so that a certain freedom of movement of the gearbox relative to the housing is obtained.
    Of course it is also the intention according to the invention to be able to transmit a torque between the gearbox and the housing with the reaction arm, which requires a certain limitation of the freedom of movement of the gearbox relative to the housing, namely a restriction of the rotational movement of this gearbox. relative to the housing.
    More specifically, according to the invention, it is desirable that the engagement points on the non-rotating portion of the gearbox, which are normally selected on either side of the rotor shaft, are supported by a mechanism that behaves as a mechanism that can be described as an inverse swing or lever.
    After all, it is intended that rotation of these points of engagement with respect to the rotor shaft is avoided, while a joint translation of the points of engagement should be able to take place in the same direction.
    The behavior of two points on a swing located on either side of the pivot point of the swing is just the opposite, since these points can undergo a joint rotation, while a joint translation is not possible.
    According to the invention, it is now possible to couple the aforementioned levers, each supporting an engagement point on the gearbox with respect to a support point on the wind turbine housing, by means of a mechanism that provides the desired freedom of movement for translations as well as the desired freedom of movement for translations. limitation of this freedom of movement for rotations is obtained, or, in short, that a support of the points of engagement is obtained with respect to the housing of the wind turbine, which behaves like an inverted swing.
    To this end, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanism connects the levers to each other in such a way that, when the gearbox is translated in any of the aforementioned directions, the levers rotate according to rotational phrases that always relate to each other in the same way. that both levers always rotate according to the same direction of rotation, or always according to an opposite direction of rotation, such combination of directions of rotation resulting from translation being permitted by the mechanism, while, in case a torque is exerted on the gearbox with respect to the housing , the levers tend to rotate according to rotational phrases that are inversely related to each other compared to the way the rotational phrases relate to a translation, albeit that both levers tend to rotate relative to each other according to one another respectively opposite dra or the same direction of rotation, which combination of directions of rotation according to which the levers are inclined to rotate when the torque is exerted by the mechanism.
    According to the invention, such a mechanism can simply consist of a spacer element which hinges connects the two levers and which keeps the relevant pivot points on the levers at a fixed distance from each other.
    According to a possible embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, the spacer element is a rod that is pivotally connected with one of its two ends to one of the levers.
    In this way the ends of the levers are kept at an equal distance from each other in a very simple manner.
    According to another, more compact embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, the aforementioned spacer element is cylindrical and is arranged in a bore in one lever, while the other lever is connected to the spacer element by means of a shaft, which shaft is eccentric positioned on the spacer element.
    This embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention is interesting because the required coupling between the two levers is obtained in a simple manner, the construction being very compact.
    According to a preferred embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, the levers, the connecting rods and the mechanism connecting the levers to each other are situated substantially in the same plane.
    With this embodiment, a reaction arm with the required mechanism is obtained which can be regarded primarily as two-dimensional, which also contributes to the compactness of the reaction arm and which facilitates the integration of the reaction arm in the wind turbine.
    With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a preferred embodiment of a wind turbine drive according to the invention is described below as an example without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: figure 1 shows a known wind turbine drive connected to a rotor shaft which is provided with a reaction arm to which the invention relates; figure 2 represents a view indicated by II-II in figure 1; figure 3 schematically represents a first embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, which is mounted on a non-rotating part of a planetary gear system, as well as on the housing of a wind turbine; figure 4 represents the same reaction arm as that of figure 3, but in a different position; figure 5 represents a practical realization of this first possible embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, mounted on a ring wheel; figure 6 represents a view according to the arrow F6 in figure 5; figures 7 and 8 show cross-sections along the lines VII-VII and VIII-VIII respectively in figure 6; figures 9 up to and including 20 schematically represent other embodiments of a reaction arm according to the invention; Figure 21 is an enlarged perspective view of the part that is indicated by F21 in Figure 15 after it was dismantled; and, figure 22, analogous to figure 21, shows an alternative embodiment of the same part.
    Figure 1 shows a known wind turbine drive 1 in which a rotor shaft 2 is rotatably supported by means of two bearings 3 relative to the housing of the wind turbine 4.
    Mounted on the rotor shaft 1 is a gearbox 5 of the planetary type, wherein, for example, the input shaft 6 is formed by a planet carrier connected to the rotor shaft 2 and on which planet wheels are rotatably mounted on planet shafts, which planet wheels co-operate, on the one hand , with a ring gear fixedly connected to the housing 7 of the gearbox 5, and, on the other hand, with a sun gear on an output shaft 8.
    The wind turbine drive 1 to which the invention relates is of the type in which the weight of the gearbox 5 is partly supported by the rotor shaft 2 and is therefore mainly transferred by the bearings 3 to the housing 4 of the wind turbine.
    However, as is known, it is necessary that the non-rotating parts 7 of the gear box 5 are blocked relative to the housing of the turbine 4, because otherwise the gear box 5 will be inclined to rotate with the rotor shaft 2 when the rotor shaft 2 rotates. to twist.
    For this purpose, as is clearly shown in Figure 2, use is usually made of a reaction arm 9 which can transfer the torque of the rotor to two support points 10 on the housing of the wind turbine 4, which support points 10 are usually located on either side of the rotor shaft 2.
    As explained in the introduction, the known wind turbine drives for supporting the reaction arm 9 on the support points 10 generally use more or less elastic elements 11, so that a certain deviation from the rotor shaft 2, for example due to the wind load or during the assembly for compensating for certain manufacturing defects as a result of the finishing tolerances becomes possible.
    A disadvantage of this arrangement, however, is that the elastic elements 11 must nevertheless be sufficiently rigid to be able to transmit the required torque, so that the freedom of movement of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing of the wind turbine 4 is also unavoidable for movements that are of no use with the torque transfer is limited, so that parasitic forces occur and possibly alignment errors can occur.
    According to the invention, these disadvantages are remedied by a reaction arm 12, the principle of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
    According to the invention, such a reaction arm 12 comprises two levers, more particularly a first lever 13 and a second lever 14, which are hinged at a certain distance D from each other about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the gear box between a support point 10 on the housing of the wind turbine 3 and an engagement point, respectively the pivot points 15 and 16, on the non-rotating part 7 of the gearbox 5.
    A central hinge is provided in the central part of both the first lever 13 and the second lever 14, respectively central hinges 15 and 16, for a rotation of the lever 13 and 14 around the respective point of engagement 15 or 16.
    Furthermore, the levers 13 and 14 are each on one side 17 of their aforementioned hinge, respectively central hinge 15 and 16, hingedly connected to each other by means of a mechanism which, in the example shown, takes the form of a spacer element 18 which holds respective pivot points 19 and 20 on the levers 13 and 14 at a fixed distance from each other.
    *
    On the other hand, the levers 13 and 14, each on the other side 21 of their aforementioned hinge, respectively hinge 15 and 16, are connected to one of the two support points 10 on the housing of the wind turbine 4 by means of a connecting element, respectively connecting elements 22 and 23.
    In this way, each contact point 15 and 16 is supported by a lever system with respect to the corresponding support point 10 on the housing 4.
    In the principle diagram shown for this embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention, the mechanism in the form of a spacer element is a rod 18 which is pivotally connected with one of its two ends to one of the levers 13 and 14.
    Similarly, the aforementioned connecting elements 23 and 24 are rods which maintain the distance between an end of a lever 13 or 14 and a support point 10 on the housing of the wind turbine 4.
    According to the invention, the various pivot points are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane W through the center 24 of the rotor shaft 2.
    Moreover, the distance F on the lever 13 between the pivot point 15 with the non-rotating part 7 and the pivot point 19 with the offset element 18 is preferably equal to the corresponding distance G on lever 14.
    In the same way, preferably the distance E on lever 13 between the pivot point 15 with the non-rotating part 7 and the pivot point with the connecting element 22 is equal to the corresponding distance H on lever 14.
    Furthermore, the hinge points of each lever 13 or 14 are preferably aligned, so that the angles A and B formed by the lines connecting the middle hinge 15 or 16 to the outer hinges are preferably 180 °.
    An advantage of such a reaction arm 12 according to the invention is that rotation of the housing of the gearbox 7 relative to the housing of the wind turbine 4 is prevented from transmitting a torque, while a translation of the housing of the gearbox 7 relative to the housing of the wind turbine 4 can take place virtually unhindered in a direction in a plane XZ perpendicular to this axis of rotation and / or possibly even according to the axis of rotation of the gearbox 5.
    In the shown example of figures 3 and 4, the arrangement for this purpose is such that a random translation in the XZ plane of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing 4 always results in a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to an opposite direction of rotation with respect to from each other around the points of engagement 15 and 16, which rotation of the levers 13 and 14 is allowed in relative opposite rotation by the mechanism in the form of the rod 18 in this case.
    This is illustrated with reference to Figure 4 for a vertical movement Tz in the direction Z of the housing 7 of the gearbox 5 relative to the support points 10, which vertical translation movement Tz of the gearbox 5 results in a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to opposite direction of rotation, indicated by the arrows T1 and T2 in Figure 4.
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    In an analogous manner, any translation movement T of the gearbox 5 according to any direction in the X-Z plane always results in a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to opposite directions T1 and T2.
    Since with such rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to opposite directions of rotation, at least within certain limits, the end points 19 and 20 remain at an equal distance from each other, such movement by the hinged rod 18 is in no way impeded.
    On the other hand, in the case where a torque K is exerted about the rotor shaft on the gearbox 5, the levers 13 and 14 tend to rotate in the same direction indicated by the arrows K1 and K2.
    A rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to the same rotational sentences K1 and K2 is only possible if the end points 19 and 20 can move towards each other or away from each other, which is impossible in the example shown because such movement is prevented by the rod 18 .
    In short, the rod 18 ensures that a translation of the gearbox 5 can take place without hindrance, so that alignment errors of, for example, the rotor shaft 2 can be compensated for by a translation of the gearbox 5, while a rotation is prevented, so that a torque from the gearbox 5 to the housing 4 can be transferred.
    One reason why in this case a translation Tz of the gearbox 5 results in rotations of the levers 13 and 14 in opposite directions of rotation relative to each other and a torque K on the gearbox 5 results in rotations of the levers 13 and 14 in the same direction of rotation, is that the central pivot points 15 and 16 of the two levers 13 and 14 lie between the points of the levers 13 and 14 on which the connecting rods 22 and 23 are arranged.
    Many other embodiments are of course possible, as will be discussed further below.
    The translation movement can take place without great hindrance, because only the friction in the hinges must be overcome, while the necessary forces can nevertheless be transmitted to the supporting points 10, in order to obtain the required torque from the housing 7 of the gearbox 5 to the housing of be able to transfer the wind turbine 4.
    Figures 5 to 8 show a more practical realization of the first embodiment of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention discussed here.
    This is mounted on a non-rotating part 7 of the gearbox 5, which in the example shown is formed by a ring wheel 25.
    The spacer element 18 is special in this embodiment, because it is cylindrical, wherein it is arranged in a bore in the lever 14 to form the pivot point 20.
    The other lever 13 is connected to the spacer element 18 by means of a shaft to form the pivot point 19, the shaft being eccentrically positioned on the spacer element 18.
    It is clear that a very compact construction is obtained in this way.
    The connecting elements 22 and 23 are also specially designed in this embodiment, wherein one end is hingedly connected to the respective lever, respectively by means of hinge 26 on lever 13 and by means of hinge 27 on lever 14, and the other end is provided with a hinged element in the form of a ball joint or ball joints 28 and 29 respectively, with which it is supported in a support point 10 of the housing of the wind turbine 4.
    With this embodiment with ball joints 28 and 29 it is achieved that the housing 7 of the gearbox 5 can also undergo a slight axial movement in the Y direction.
    It is also worth mentioning that the use of rods 18, 22 and 23 is extremely efficient since they are almost exclusively subjected to tension and tension, so that these rods 18, 22 and 23 with limited dimensions can already withstand enormous forces.
    Furthermore, for permitting a translational movement of the gearbox 5 in any direction in the XZ plane, use is made of a reaction arm in the form of a mechanical construction which is in principle essentially two-dimensional, whereby the installation of such reaction arm takes up little space and is relatively simple.
    To allow axial translation movement of the housing 7 of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing 4 of the wind turbine, the shafts of the different hinges of the reaction arm can for instance be designed such that they allow axial play.
    In this way a very simple and efficient solution is again obtained to the problem posed.
    Of course, many other embodiments of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention are possible, a first alternative of which is schematically shown in Figure 9 as an example.
    This alternative embodiment is completely analogous to the embodiment of Figure 3.
    The only difference is that the levers 13 and 14 are mounted on the housing 4 of the wind turbine instead of on the non-rotating part of the gearbox 7.
    For this purpose the central hinges 15 and 16, which are provided in the central part of the levers 13 and 14, are positioned in the support point 10 of the respective lever 13 or 14.
    Moreover, in this case, the support of the gearbox 5 relative to the support points 10 is obtained in that each lever 13 and 14 is provided with a connecting rod, rod 22 and rod 23, respectively, which are pivotally connected at one end to the respective lever 13. or 14 and with its other end is hingedly connected to the corresponding point of engagement 28 or 29 on the gearbox 5.
    Since this is only a reversal of the way in which the reaction arm 12 is arranged between the support points 10 on the wind turbine housing 4 and the engagement points 28 and 29 on the gearbox 5, the operation of the reaction arm 12 according to this embodiment is completely identical to that of figure 3.
    More specifically, a translation Tz of the gearbox 7 again results in a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 according to opposite directions T1 and T2, which rotational movement of the levers can take place in opposite directions of rotation.
    On the other hand, when a torque K is applied to the gearbox 5, the levers 13 and 14 are again inclined to rotate according to the same direction of rotation indicated by the arrows K1 and K2, which rotational movement is made impossible by the rod 18, so that a new torque can be achieved. transferred from the gearbox 5 to the wind turbine housing 4.
    Figures 10 and 11 schematically show two other embodiments of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention, which are largely analogous to the preceding examples.
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    Indeed, in the embodiment of Figure 10, the levers 13 and 14 are again mounted on the non-rotating part 7 of the gearbox 5, just like in Figure 3, while in Figure 11 the levers 13 and 14 pivot around the supporting points 10 on the housing 4 of the wind turbine, just like in figure 9.
    However, these alternative embodiments differ from the previous examples in that the levers 13 and 14 have a different, in this case non-linear, shape, wherein the pivot points 15, 19, 26 and the pivot points 16, 20, 27 on these levers 13 and 14 are not aligned, but the lines between these pivot points of each lever 13 and 14 form angles A and B, respectively, that are different from 180 °.
    It is clear that such shape of the levers 13 and 14 of Figures 10 and 11 does not affect the operation of the reaction arm 12.
    Of course, many other embodiments are possible with a modified form of the levers 13 and 14, whereby an action is obtained, as is meant in the invention, more specifically that a translation movement of the transmission box 5 can take place virtually unhindered, while a rotation of the transmission box 5 is prevented.
    Figures 12 and 13 show two other embodiments of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention, wherein in figure 12 the levers 13 and 14 are again mounted on the gearbox 5 and in figure 13 the levers 13 and 14 pivot in the support points 10 on the housing 4.
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    In these embodiments the levers are again provided with connecting rods 22 and 23 to obtain a support of the gearbox 5 relative to the support points 10 and with a rod 18 which connects the levers 13 and 14 to each other.
    In this case, unlike the previous examples, the pivot point 27 on the lever 14 in which the connecting rod 23 is arranged is located between the central hinges 15 and 16, while. the corresponding pivot point 26 on the other lever 13 is outside these central pivot points 15 and 16.
    Hereby a situation is obtained which differs somewhat from the previous examples, but which nevertheless results in the intended result, namely that translations of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing 4 of the wind turbine can take place unhindered, while a torque between the gearbox and the housing 4 is transferred.
    A random translation in the XZ plane of the gearbox 5 relative to the wind turbine housing 4, for example a vertical translation Tz, results in this case in a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 in the same direction indicated by the arrows T1 and T2 for the vertical translation Tz, which rotation of the levers is permitted by the rod 18 according to the same direction of rotation, since in that case the points 19 and 20 remain at the same distance from each other.
    On the other hand, the levers 13 and 14 are inclined to rotate in opposite direction sentences K1 and K2 when a torque K is applied to the gear box 5, which tendency to rotate the levers 13 and 14 in opposite direction sentences K1 and K2 is impossible in this case because in this case the points 19 and 20 have to move towards or away from each other, which is prevented by the rod 18.
    Although the relationship between the movements of the gearbox 5 and the way in which the rotational direction of the levers 13 and 14 relate to each other is reversed to those in the previous examples, the same result is again obtained, namely an unhindered translation movement and a blocking against rotation of the gearbox 5 relative to the wind turbine housing 4.
    Figures 14 and 15 also show other embodiments of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention, the mechanism 18 connecting the levers 13 and 14 being designed differently this time.
    More specifically, this mechanism 18 comprises a pin 30 which can slide into a slot 31 provided in the lever 13.
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    As is shown in more detail in Figure 21, the pin 30 is in this case provided on the lever 14, by firmly connecting the pin 30 to lever 14, for example by welding the pin 30 thereon or the lever 14 with pin 30 to perform as a single piece or the like.
    Alternatively, as shown in Figure 22, a separate pin 30 can be used that can slide and / or roll (which is preferred because of the more limited wear) in slots 31 provided in both levers 13 and 14.
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    In such a case, the pin is preferably arranged in an external guide 32 which ensures a restriction of the movement of the pin 30, for example a restriction of this movement in the vertical direction.
    It is clear that the mechanisms 18, as shown in Figs. 14, 15, 21 and 22 again provide a coupling between the levers 13 and 14, whereby a translational movement of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing 4 of the wind turbine is possible. while rotation is prevented so that a torque can be transmitted.
    Still other embodiments of a reaction arm 12 according to the invention with an adapted mechanism 18 are shown in Figures 16 and 17.
    This time, the mechanism 18 connecting the two levers consists of a toothing 33 mounted on each of the levers 13 and 14, said teeth 33 engaging and cooperating with each other during a rotation of the levers 13 and 14 in an opposite sense around their central hinge 15 and 16.
    It is clear that even with such a mechanism 18 between the levers 13 and 14 the intended objective can be achieved.
    Of course, many alternative forms according to the invention are also possible with alternative mechanisms 18 which connect the two levers 13 and 14 to each other, for example mechanisms 18 which comprise one or more rods and / or additional levers that are hinged to each other and / or hinged to the levers 13. and 14 are connected.
    A possible example with an additional rod 34 and an additional lever 35 between the levers 13 and 14 is shown in Figure 18.
    Moreover, it is not excluded, for example, to provide one of the aforementioned rods with a spring 36 and / or a damper 37.
    Such embodiments are shown by way of example in Figures 19 and 20, wherein a spring 36 and a damper 37 are arranged on an / additional rod 34.
    In the case of Figure 19, this spring / damper system is arranged between the levers 13 and 14, whereby the connection between the levers 13 and 14 obtains a certain flexibility.
    As a result, the torsional rigidity of the system is reduced, but, for example, certain vibrations that occur during the transmission of the torque from the gearbox 5 to the housing 4 can be damped more easily.
    /
    In Figure 20, the spring / damper system is located between the additional rod 34 and the wind turbine housing 4.
    Such an arrangement allows the translation movements of the gearbox 5 relative to the housing 4 to be slightly damped out, while the torsional rigidity of the system for the transmission of a torque between the gearbox 5 and the housing 4 is not lost.
    Of course, many combinations of these embodiments and / or variations on these embodiments are not excluded.
    In another embodiment, which, however, is not considered ideal, the levers 13 and 14, the spacer element 18 and the connecting elements 22 and 23 can be arranged asymmetrically on the housing 7 of the gearbox 5, whereby a limited rotation of the gearbox 5 becomes possible, but this does not in any way mean that the gearbox 5 hereby has a complete freedom of rotation and therefore a certain torque can still be transmitted to the housing of the wind turbine 4.
    In more general terms, the invention can also be described as follows:
    The problem to be solved by the invention is as follows.
    In a typical wind turbine with a 4-point suspension, the gearbox is mounted on the main shaft. This arrangement requires a reaction arm to prevent the gearbox from turning with the main shaft. This reaction arm must be strong enough to accommodate the difference in torque between the input and output shafts. (See figure 1).
    The position of the reaction arm is completely determined (except for rotation) by the position of the interface between the main shaft and the gearbox. Due to the deformation of the main axis under the influence of external loads (wind forces on the rotor), and also due to the finishing tolerances, the dimensions of the parts 11 are not constant over time (due to deformations) and for different wind turbines (finishing tolerances).
    With current wind turbines, the parts 11 are therefore made of an elastic material. They are also adjustable to accommodate differences in tolerances and / or to assemble the whole. The elastic material must be able to deform sufficiently to cope with the dimensional changes, but must, on the other hand, be rigid enough to withstand the (large) reaction forces. This stiffness, in turn, causes parasitic forces if the gearbox is forced to move with the main shaft or during assembly in the gearbox, if the tolerances necessitate an initial deformation of the components 11.
    An additional problem of reaction arms for large (multi-megawatt) wind turbines is the size and weight of this part, which ideally consists of one cast part.
    In principle, the invention, as explained below, works for the embodiment schematically represented in Figures 3 and 4.
    The reaction arm consists of one central part that is attached to the ring gear and / or the housing of the gearbox to transmit the torque My and two "arms" which are attached to it by means of hinges 15 and 16. The arms are centrally connected by a rod (17) that couples the movements of these two arms. The ends of these arms are connected to the ground (the wind turbine frame) by the rods 22 and 23. The hinges have at least one degree of freedom, but the hinges 26 to 29 can be designed as spherical joints, so that the gearbox can also be axially if desired. (y direction) can move.
    This arrangement allows translation movements (in x and z direction) of the gearbox without generating additional reaction forces, except for very small reaction forces caused by friction in the hinges. The kinematics of this mechanism, however, does not allow rotation of the gearbox: points 15 and 16 can only move parallel and in the same direction over the same distance. Small deviations are possible if the angles A and B are not 180 ° and / or the dimensions E, F, G and H are asymmetrical. In the latter case too, only a (very small) rotation will take place, which is however completely determined by the kinematics of the mechanism, but is certainly not freedom of rotation.
    The rods 22 and 23 can be designed to contain a spring and / or damper, so that the dynamic behavior of the entire system can be accurately adjusted. This will of course reduce the torsional rigidity of the system.
    The translation movements, which can happen freely, will be small in practice (order millimeters), but can, if desired, be damped by adding a damper between the arms and the central plate.
    The properties of a reaction arm in accordance with the invention can be summarized as follows: • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine according to Figure 3 which ensures that reaction forces caused by the rotor torque are guided to the machine frame and that no additional reaction force is generated by the action. of structural distortion or relative displacement of the rotor shaft relative to the attachment points of the reaction mechanism on the wind turbine machine frame.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine whose freedom of translation movement can be used to simplify assembly.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine e whose freedom of translation movement can be used to compensate for dimensional deviations due to finishing tolerances.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine in which the reaction forces are converted into forces on the part thereof that is mounted on the gearbox, simple bending moments on the moving arms and tensile or compressive forces on the connecting rods. This reduces the deformation of the gearbox and makes the design and optimization of the components easier.
    • A wind turbine reaction arm or mechanism that can be designed as required to allow or prevent axial freedom of movement, depending on the requirements for the complete drive train.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine that by its design allows the external dimensions and the total mass of the gearbox to be reduced by dismantling the hinged arms. As a result, compared to a conventional 1-arm reaction arm, fewer requirements are imposed on transport and installation.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine that, due to its construction from different smaller elements, and especially through the drastic reduction of the maximum dimensions, offers more possibilities in terms of casting capacity and machine capacity.
    • A reaction arm or mechanism for a wind turbine that, due to its shape and construction, allows the use of rolled steel sheet and / or forged steel molds. Compared to the traditional cast irons and their after-treatments, these materials and after-treatments have better and more constant and material properties, which makes a more optimal and / or cheaper design possible. The dependence on the available casting capacity for large parts is thus reduced once again.
    The invention is by no means limited to the embodiment of a reaction arm according to the invention described as an example and shown in the figures, but such a reaction arm can be realized in a variety of other ways without departing from the scope of the invention.
    t /
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    Reaction arm (9, 12) for a wind turbine drive (1) consisting of a rotor shaft (2) mounted on the housing (4) of the wind turbine by means of at least two bearings (3), the rotor shaft (2) ) a gear box (5) is mounted with a planetary gear system, the non-rotating part of which can transmit a torque via the aforementioned reaction arm (9, 12) to two support points (10) on the housing (4) of the wind turbine, characterized in that the reaction arm (12) comprises two levers (13, 14) which are each hingedly arranged around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the gearbox (5) between a aforementioned support point (10) on the housing (4) of the wind turbine and an engagement point ( 15,16,28,29) on the non-rotating part (7) of the gearbox (5) and furthermore these two levers (13,14) are connected to each other by means of a mechanism (18) such that a rotation of the gearbox (5) in relation to the housing (4) of the wind turbine e is prevented from transmitting a torque, while a translation (T) of the gearbox (5) relative to the housing (4) along the axis of rotation (Y) of the gearbox (5) and / or according to a direction in a plane (XZ) perpendicular to this axis of rotation can take place virtually unhindered.
    [2]
    Reaction arm according to claim 1, characterized in that a central hinge (15,16) is provided in the central part of the levers (13,14) for rotation of the lever (13,14) around the point of engagement (15,16) ) or around the support point (10) of the respective lever (13, 14), t
    [3]
    Reaction arm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an engagement point (15, 16) and a support point (10) are connected to each other in that the corresponding lever (13, 14) is provided with at least one connecting rod (22, 23) which with its one end (26,27) is hingedly connected to the respective lever (13,14) and with its other end is hingedly (28,29) connected to the support point (10) or to the point of engagement.
    [4]
    Reaction arm according to claim 3, characterized in that the levers (13, 14), the connecting rods (22, 23) and the mechanism (18) connecting the levers (13, 14) to each other, substantially in the same plane (XZ) are located.
    [5]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism (18) connects the levers (13, 14) in such a way that, in the case of a translation (Tz) of the gearbox (5) according to any of the aforementioned directions , the levers (13, 14) rotate in accordance with pivotal sentences (T1, T2) that always relate to each other in the same way, be it that both levers always rotate according to the same direction of rotation, or always according to an opposite direction of rotation, such a combination of turning sentences (T1, T2) arising from translation by the mechanism (18) is permitted, while, in the case a torque (K) is applied to the gearbox (5) relative to the housing (4) of the wind turbine, the levers (13, 14) tend to rotate in accordance with pivotal sentences (K1, K2) which are inversely related to each other compared to the way in which the pivotal sentences (T1, T2) relate to a translation (Tz), it that the both levers (13, 14) always tend to rotate relative to each other, respectively according to an opposite direction of rotation, or the same direction of rotation, which combination of rotation sentences (K1, K2) according to which the levers (13, 14) tend to rotate at the mechanism (18) prevents the application of a torque (K) to the gearbox (5).
    [6]
    Reaction arm according to claim 5, characterized in that a aforementioned translation of the gearbox (5) relative to the housing (4) results in a rotation of the levers (13, 14) according to opposite directions (T1, T2), which rotation of the levers (13,14) in opposite direction (T1, T2) is admitted by the mechanism (18), while, in the case a torque (K) is applied to the gearbox (5), the levers (13,14) ) tend to rotate according to the same direction of rotation (K1, K2), which tendency to rotate the levers (13, 14) according to the same direction of rotation (K1, K2) by the mechanism (18) is prevented.
    [7]
    7. Reaction arm. according to claims 2, 3 and 6, characterized in that the central pivot points (15, 16) of the two levers (13, 14) between the points (26, 27) of the levers (13, 14) on which the connecting rod (22) , 23) are arranged, or conversely, that the two aforementioned points (26,27) lie between the central pivot points (15,16).
    [8]
    Reaction arm according to claim 5, characterized in that a said translation of the gearbox (5) relative to the housing (4) results in a rotation of the levers (13, 14) according to the same rotation direction (T1, T2), which rotation of the levers (13,14) is admitted by the mechanism (18) according to the same direction (T1, T2), while in the case a torque (K) is exerted on the gearbox (5) the levers (13,14) tend to rotate according to opposite pivots (K1, K2), which tendency to rotate the levers (13, 14) according to opposite pivots (K1, K2) by the mechanism (18) is prevented.
    [9]
    Reaction arm according to claims 2, 3 and 8, characterized in that the point (26, 27) of one of the levers (13, 14) on which the connecting rod (22, 23) is mounted is located between the central hinges (15, 16) ), while the corresponding point (27, 26) on the other lever (14, 13) is outside the central hinges (15, 16).
    [10]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism (18) consists of a spacer element that hinges connects the two levers (13, 14) and that the respective hinge points (15, 16) on the levers (13, 14) at a fixed distance from each other.
    [11]
    Reaction arm according to claim 10, characterized in that the Stand element (18) is a rod that is pivotally connected with one of its two ends (19, 20) to one of the levers (13, 14).
    [12]
    Reaction arm according to claim 10, characterized in that the aforesaid spacer element (18) is cylindrical and is arranged in a bore (20) in one lever (14), while the other lever (13) is connected by means of a shaft with the distance element (18) is connected, which axis is eccentrically positioned on the distance element (18). <
    [13]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism (18) connecting the two levers (13, 14) to each other consists of a toothing (33) arranged on each of the levers (13, 14) which teeth (33) engage and interact with each other during rotation of the levers (13,14) in an opposite sense about their central hinge (15,16).
    [14]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism (18) comprises a pin (30) which can slide into a slot (31) provided in at least one of the levers (13, 14).
    [15]
    Reaction arm according to claim 14, characterized in that the pin (30) is provided on one of the levers (14), which pin (30) can slide into a slot (31) in the other lever (13).
    [16]
    Reaction arm according to claim 14, characterized in that both levers (13, 14) are provided with a slot (31) into which a separate pin (30) can slide.
    [17]
    Reaction arm according to claim 16, characterized in that the separate pin (30) is provided with an external guide (32).
    [18]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanism (18) connecting the two levers (13, 14) to one another comprises one or more additional rods (34) and / or additional levers (35) mutually are hinged and / or hinged to the levers (13, 14).
    [19]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with at least one spring (36) and / or one damper (37).
    [20]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different pivot points are arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane (W ') through the center of the rotor shaft (2).
    [21]
    Reaction arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the non-rotating part (7) of the planetary gear system on which the reaction arm (12) is mounted is the ring wheel (25) or fixed with the ring wheel (25) connected part.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1017836A3|2009-08-04|
    引用文献:
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    ES2613851B1|2015-11-26|2018-03-15|Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.|Torque absorption device for wind turbine gearboxes|
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    法律状态:
    2010-09-30| RE| Patent lapsed|Effective date: 20100331 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE2007/0535A|BE1017836A3|2007-11-05|2007-11-05|Torque arm for wind turbine drive, comprises levers connected via hinges to non rotary portion of planetary gear unit and pivotally connected to spacer and support points on turbine housing|
    BE200700535|2007-11-05|
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